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Does Technology Reduce Social Isolation?
Hundreds of daily updates come from friends on Facebook and Twitter, but do people actually feel closer to each other?
每天在Facebook和Twitter上都有朋友们数以百计的更新,但实际生活中人们是否感觉彼此更亲近呢?
It turns out the size of the average American’s social circle is smaller today than 20 years ago, as measured by the number of self-reported confidants in a person’s life. Yet contrary to popular opinion, use of cellphones and the Internet is not to blame, according to a new study released Wednesday by the Pew Internet and American Life Project.
根据互联网与美国生活专案周三发布的一项最新调查,在计算过美国人日常生活中自己认为的密友知己的数量后,事实证明当代美国人社交圈子的平均人数比他们20年前要小。但是与当前流行的观点所不同的是,这并不归罪于手机的使用和网络的普及。
In fact, people who regularly use digital technologies are more social than the average American and more likely to visit parks and cafes, or volunteer for local organizations, according to the study, which was based on telephone interviews with a national sample of 2,512 adults living in the continental United States.
根据一项调查表明,事实上经常使用数字技术的人比普通的美国人更具社交性,而且也更多的游览公园,光顾咖啡馆或更多的参加当地的志愿者活动。该项调查通过电话采访了美国本土大陆的2512名成年人。
The study found some less-than-social behavior, however. People who use social networks like Facebook or Linkedin are 30 percent less likely to know their neighbors and 26 percent less likely to provide them companionship.
这项调查也发现了一些不太符合社交性的习惯的行为,那就是,经常使用社交网站Facebook和Linkedin的人不太喜欢去认识他们的邻居,有26%的不喜欢和邻居交往。
The circle of close friends for mobile phone users tends to be 12 percent larger than for nonusers. People who share online photos or instant messages have 9 percent larger social circles than nonusers.
经常使用手机的人,他们的好朋友圈子比不使用手机者常常要多12%,在网上分享自己的照片和及时信息的人,他们的好朋友圈子比不使用者常常要多9%.
The study also found that people still prefer face-to-face communication as the primary means to stay in touch with friends and family (people see loved ones in person an average of 210 days a year). Respondents said that they were in touch via mobile phone an average of 195 days a year.
这项调查也发现人们更喜欢面对面的沟通,这是他们和好友和家庭成员保持联系的最重要的方式(人们一年中有210天会亲自看自己的亲人)。被调查者说他们一年中平均有195天通过手机和他们联系。
25、(双语科普)学英语,看世界:“什么是卡路里?2”
Whether it’s a noisy car engine(发动机) or a rattling washing machine, noise pollution can be a big problem that can affect people’s quality of life. Now there are new awards that recognise the quietest designs.
A Quiet Mark award will be given to the quietest products on the market, from hedge trimmers and power tools to headphones and hairdryers. There’s even a quiet alarm clock, which uses light and soft sounds to wake you up!
The purple Quiet Mark logo will be featured on the chosen products so that shoppers can spot them easily.
Gloria Elliott from the Noise Abatement Society said: “When someone says they have to turn up the telly to overcome the noise of the kettle, or the washing machine sounds like a train coming through the kitchen, then you start to see the effects of unnecessary noise on quality of life.”
What do you think? Does noise pollution affect your life?
The average person requires each day: 2000 for women and 2500 for men.
一个人一天需要摄取的卡路里标准值:女性需要2000卡热量,而男性需要2500卡热量。
Those estimates(估算) are based on factors like average weight, physical activity and muscle mass.
这些是根据平均体重、运动量、和肌肉量估算的。
So does that mean everyone should shoot for around 2000 calories?
所以这意味着每个人都需要摄取大约2000卡的热量吗?
Not necessarily.
并非如此。
If you're doing an energy guzzling(暴饮暴食) activity, like cycling the Tour de France, your body could use up to 9000 calories per day.
如果你做一个高耗能的运动,比如环法自行车赛,你的身体每天可以消耗9000卡的热量。
Pregnancy requires slightly more calories than usual, and elderly people typically have a slower metabolic(新陈代谢的) rate, energy is burned more gradually, so less is needed.
怀孕时会消耗比平常稍微多点的卡路里,而老年人新陈代谢率较低,热量消耗得较慢,所以需要摄取的热量也相对较少。
Here's something else you should know before you start counting calories.
在计算卡路里前,你需要知道以下事项。
The calorie counts on nutrition labels measure how much energy the food contains, not how much energy you can actually get out of it.
营养成分标签上计算的是食物所含的热量,而不是你实际上能摄取到的热量。
Fibrous foods like celery(芹菜) and whole wheat take more energy to digest, so you'd actually wind up with less energy from a 100 calorie serving of celery than a 100 calorie serving of potato chips.
像芹菜和全麦这样的纤维性食物,需要更多的热量去消化。所以,其实你吃100卡的芹菜所摄取的热量会比100卡的洋芋片来得少。
Not to mention the fact that some foods offer nutrients like protein(蛋白质) and vitamins, while others provide far less nutritional value.
更何况有些食物还包含像蛋白质和维他命这样的营养成分;而另一些食物甚至有着较低的营养价值。
Eating too many of those foods could leave you overweight and malnourished.
如果吃太多这些食物,你会营养过剩或营养不良。
And even with the exact same food, different people might not get the same number of calories.
另一方面,即使吃一样的食物,不同的人摄取的卡路里也不同。
Variations in things like enzyme(酶) levels, gut bacteria(肠道细菌), and even intestine(肠) length, means that every individual's ability to extract(吸收) energy from food is a little different.
因为每个人都有着不同的酵素含量、肠道细菌、甚至是肠子长度。因此,每个人吸收热量的能力也不同。
So a calorie is a useful energy measure, but to work out exactly how many of them each of us requires we need to factor in things like exercise, food type, and our body's ability to process energy.
所以卡路里是个实用的热量计算方式,但要算出每个人所需的热量,我们必须考虑其他因素,比如运动、食物种类以及我们身体的消化能力。
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